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The purpose of this present research work was to formulate and evaluate anti-dandruff shampoo which was prepared from herbal plant Neem leaves and Tulsi. These two plants are major role in formulation of anti-dandruff shampoo with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. The dandruff is a common disorder which is caused by yeast over growth, there is a fungus which is lives in the scalp of peoples called Malassezia. When a shampoo used under prescribed condition removes skin debris and the dirt from the scalp. Various antifungal and antimicrobial agents or drugs are uses in the preparation of shampoos, which causes the various side effects like hair loss, scratching, discomfort. An attempt to formulate Neem anti-dandruff shampoo which is safer and healthier than other anti-dandruff shampoo’s who are based on the chemicals. Herbal anti-dandruff shampoo formulated by all the herbal ingredients Neem leaves extract as API and anti-dandruff activity, Tulsi leaves which have the anti-microbial activity, Aloe vera which has moisturizing effect etc. The formulated shampoo were passed through evaluation parameter such as visual inspection, foaming capacity pH, viscosity, consistency of foam, etc.
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Acredita-se que a dermatite seborreica do couro cabeludo, ou caspa, piore em gravidade durante o inverno, quando ocorre o nascer do sol tardio e menos luz do dia. Neste estudo, investigamos as tendências no interesse do mecanismo de pesquisa pelo termo "caspa", visto que se relacionam com as mudanças na luz do dia, nascer do sol e sazonalidade. Analisamos o interesse de pesquisa em vários países de latitudes variáveis em um período de cinco anos e exploramos o efeito do horário de verão sobre o interesse por doenças em duas cidades dos Estados Unidos. Discutimos nossas descobertas no contexto de mudanças hormonais e cuidados com a pele/comportamento
Scalp seborrheic dermatitis, or dandruff, is thought to worsen during the winter when there is later sunrise and less daylight. This study investigates trends in search engine interest for the term "dandruff" as they relate to changes in daylight, sunrise, and seasonality. We investigated the search interest in several countries of varying latitudes over a five-year period, and we explore the effect of daylight saving time on disease interest within two cities in the United States. We discuss our findings in the context of hormonal changes and skincare/behavior
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OBJECTIVES@#To collect single piece of dandruff with microscopes to improve the regular EZ-tape method for DNA extraction and genotyping, increase the utilization of samples, reduce the miss rate as well as the proportion of genotyping results of mixed stains.@*METHODS@#The insides of the hats worn by two volunteers were stuck by EZ-tape and scotch tape respectively. DNA on EZ-tape was directly extracted using traditional method. Single piece of dandruff was collected from the scotch tapes under microscope. The two kinds of methods were both performed under continuous oscillation and standing digestion, respectively. DNA was extracted through Chelex-100 method, and STR genotypes were obtained after amplification and electrophoresis. The results of STR genotypes obtained by EZ-tape method and single piece of dandruff analytical method were compared.@*RESULTS@#Miss detections happened in 11 samples （45.8%） by EZ-tape method and only single-source typing results were obtained. Ten samples （41.7%） showed the genotype results of mixed stain and six of which showed allele insertions and deletions. The genotype results were obtained successfully using the single piece of dandruff analytical method, and two samples showed mixed stain genotype. The number of exact typing processed by oscillation was higher than that by standing digestion （ P<0.05）.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The oscillation during the DNA extraction process is in favour of the DNA releasing. Single piece of dandruff analytical method can be used to obtain single-source STR genotype with high successful ratio and low miss rate. This method can be a collection method of special samples such as dandruff in forensic practice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alleles , DNA/analysis , DNA Fingerprinting/methods , Dandruff/genetics , Genotype , Microsatellite Repeats , Resins, SyntheticABSTRACT
Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic, recurrent papulosquamous skin disorder characterized by flaking of the skin, erythema, pruritus, and oily skin. It is a common dermatosis, with a prevalence of approximately 1% to 3% of the general population in the United States. The incidence of this skin disease has a bimodal distribution, with peaks noted in newborns and in adults between 30 and 60 years of age. In adults, it predominantly occurs over areas of the body with a high concentration of sebaceous glands. The etiology of this disease is thought to be an inflammatory response of the body to Malassezia yeasts. It is also related to abnormal sebum secretion, as well as a heightened immune response of the host. Based on the characteristic features of this inflammatory skin disease, the mainstays of treatment for seborrheic dermatitis are antifungals, corticosteroids, and immunomodulatory agents. The primary goal of therapy for seborrheic dermatitis is to manage acute symptoms, including pruritus, erythema, and scaling. Maintenance treatment is directed toward preventing the recurrence of acute exacerbations. Patients should be informed that seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic condition, with a tendency to recur despite proper treatment. Clinicians should offer suggestions about lifestyle modifications to avoid triggers and choose proper treatment options that ensure the patient's safety.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Dandruff , Dermatitis, Seborrheic , Erythema , Incidence , Life Style , Malassezia , Prevalence , Pruritus , Recurrence , Sebaceous Glands , Sebum , Skin , Skin Diseases , United States , YeastsABSTRACT
Introducción: la caspa se define como una descamación excesiva del cuero cabelludo, en general acompañada de prurito. Su etiología es multifactorial y depende de la presencia de levaduras del género Malassezia, de la producción de sebo y de la susceptibilidad individual. Más allá de los tratamientos tradicionales para controlar la caspa, existen nuevas formulaciones que pueden incluir queratolíticos como el ácido salicílico, el climbazol, que además de agente antimicótico presenta potenciales propiedades antiproteolíticas o el terpineol, antimicótico de amplio espectro con acción antiinflamatoria. Objetivo: el objetivo principal de este estudio, consistió en evaluar el efecto sobre la caspa grasa de un champú con terpineol, extracto de sauce, ácido salicílico, climbazol y lipoaminoácido seborregulador y de una loción con terpineol, ácido salicílico, climbazol y glucósidos del extracto de roble y té verde. Se evaluó igualmente la eficacia sobre la caspa seca de un champú con terpineol, extracto de sauce, ácido salicílico y climbazol. Se realizaron una visita inicial (T0), otra al finalizar tratamiento (T28) y una final (T42), para evaluar la eventual reaparición de la caspa una vez suspendido el tratamiento. Material y Método: estudio unicéntrico abierto, no aleatorizado, a simple ciego, de 42 días de duración, llevado a cabo en 78 pacientes con caspa grasa o seca. Se clasificó la gravedad de la caspa en 4 grados. Según el tipo de caspa y su grado, se administraron un champú para caspa grasa (A), un champú para caspa seca (B), una loción para caspa grasa (C) o un champú neutro (D). Se establecieron 4 grupos de tratamiento en función del producto asignado (A, B, AC y CD). Resultados: un 59% de los participantes fueron mujeres y un 41% varones. La edad media fue de 47 años (rango 20-72). Del total de pacientes: 20 presentaron caspa grasa en grado medio-bajo (grupo A), 20 caspa seca en cualquier grado (grupo B), 17 caspa grasa en grado elevado (grupo AC) y 21 caspa grasa en grado medio-alto (grupo CD). Al cabo de cuatro semanas de tratamiento, el grado de caspa se redujo vs. basal en ≥70% de los casos en todos los grupos. Estas cifras ascendieron, en los pacientes con caspa grasa, a un 70% (grado bajo-medio), un 76,2% (grado medio-alto) y un 88,2% (grado elevado); el efecto fue más notable en aquellos con caspa seca, donde la cifra fue del 90%. La eliminación de la caspa fue completa en el 78,5%, 62,5%, 47% y 44,4% de ellos, respectivamente. Una vez transcurridas las dos semanas de lavado posterior al tratamiento, el nivel de caspa siguió descendiendo en un 55% de los pacientes tratados con el champú A, un 57,1% de los que emplearon la loción C, el 58,8% de los que usaron el champú A + la loción C, y el 35% de los que recibieron el champú B. Se declararon satisfechos o muy satisfechos con el producto un 70% de los pacientes del grupo A, un 80% del grupo B, un 66,7% del grupo CD y un 70,6% del grupo AD. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, orientan acerca de la eficacia frente a la caspa grasa y la caspa seca de dos champúes y una loción basados en terpineol, ácido salicílico y climbazol. Se requieren investigaciones adicionales que amplíen los resultados en este campo.
Introduction: dandruff is defined as excessive flaking of the scalp accompanied by itching. The etiology is multifactorial and depends on the presence of Malassezia yeasts, sebum production and individual susceptibility. Beyond traditional treatments to control dandruff, there are new formulations that may include keratolytics such as salicylic acid; climbazole, an antifungal agent which potential antiproteolytic properties, or terpineol, broad-spectrum antifungal with antiinflammatory action. Objective: the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on seborrheic dandruff of a shampoo with terpineol, willow extract, salicylic acid, climbazole and sebum-regulating lipoaminoacid, and a lotion with terpineol, salicylic acid, climbazole and glycosides from oak and green tea extract. Effectiveness on dry dandruff of a shampoo containing terpineol, willow extract, salicylic acid and climbazole was also evaluated. Three study visits were performed (T0, T28 and T42). Methods: single-center, open, non-randomized, single-blind, 42-day study conducted in 78 patients with seborrheic or dry dandruff. Dandruff severity was classified into 4 grades. A shampoo for oily dandruff (A), a shampoo for dry dandruff (B), a lotion for oily dandruff (C) and a neutral shampoo (D) were administered. Four treatment groups were established according to the assigned treatment (A, B, AC and CD). Results: 59% of participants were women and 41% men. The average age was 47 years (range 20-72). Of the total patients, 20 had medium-low oily dandruff (group A), 20 dry dandruff at any level (group B), 17 severe oily dandruff (AC) and 21 medium-high oily dandruff (group CD). After four weeks of treatment the severity of dandruff was reduced vs. baseline in ≥70% of cases in all groups; for oily dandruff results were 70% (low-medium grade), 76.2% (medium-high) and 88.2% (high level); the effect was most marked in patients with dry dandruff (90%). Dandruff removal was complete in 78.5%, 62.5%, 47% and 44.4% of them, respectively. Two weeks after having suspended the treatment, dandruff level continued to decline in 55% of patients treated with shampoo A, 57.1% of those who used the lotion C, 58.8% of patients who used shampoo A + lotion C, and 35% of those receiving shampoo B. Seventy per cent of patients in group A, 80% in group B, 66.7% of the CD group and 70.6% of the AD group were satisfied or very satisfied with the study treatments. Conclusions: the results obtained in this study suggest the effectiveness against oily and dry dandruff of two shampoos and a lotion based on terpineol, salicylic acid and climbazole. Further research to extend the results in this field is required.
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Background & objectives: Malassezia species implicated with dandruff vary at different geographical locations. The present study was conducted to determine the spectrum and distribution of Malassezia species in dandruff patients and healthy individuals. Methods: Patients with dandruff from northern (Chandigarh) and southern (Manipal, Karnataka) parts of India (50 each) and healthy individuals (20) were included in the study. Dandruff severity was graded as mild, moderate and severe. Malassezia spp. isolated were quantified and identified by phenotypic characters and molecular methods including PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing. Results: Number of Malassezia spp. retrieved was significantly higher (P<0.001) in dandruff cases (84%) as compared to healthy individuals (30%). Isolation of Malassezia spp. was significantly higher (P<0.01) in patients from southern India. In moderately severe cases M. restricta was single most predominant (37.8%) isolate from patients of northern part of India and M. furfur (46.4%) from patients of southern part of India. Malassezia density was significantly associated with the severity of dandruff (P<0.001). Interpretation & conclusions: Our results on a limited number of individuals show that Malassezia spp. associated with dandruff varies in different regions of the country and the density of yeasts increases with severity of disease.
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BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disease, mainly affecting the scalp and face. The pathogenesis of SD has been not fully understood yet, but may be related to the skin colonization of Malassezia species, lipophilic yeasts. Phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) device has been become a new therapeutic modality for some skin diseases such as acne. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effectiveness and safety of phototherapy with home-use LED in the treatment of patients with SD of the scalp. METHODS: Eight patients with mild-to-moderate SD of the scalp participated. The patients used a home-use LED device combined 395 nm blue light with 660 nm red light for 6~7 min twice daily for 8 weeks. Patients' assessments were made by clinical findings including erythema (0~15), scales (0~15), itching (0~10), and lesional extent (0~15). And clinical photographs were taken at 0, 2, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. RESULTS: At 8 weeks after LED treatment, erythema (7.75 to 5.13, p=0.018), scales (7.38 to 4.13, p=0.017), itching (6 to 3, p=0.011) and lesional extent (8.25 to 5.25, p=0.017) were significantly decreased, respectively. Satisfactory scores were also relatively high (mean 8.13 of 10). No severe adverse reaction was reported, excepting hair dryness (n=1) and brief stinging sense (n=1). CONCLUSION: Home-use LED was effective and safe in the treatment of SD of the scalp. These results suggest the LED device might be an adjuvant therapeutic tool in the treatment of Malassezia species associated diseases such as dandruff and SD. Further long-term and large-scale studies are required to assess the efficacy and safety of home-use LED.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acne Vulgaris , Bites and Stings , Colon , Dandruff , Dermatitis, Seborrheic , Erythema , Hair , Malassezia , Phototherapy , Pruritus , Scalp , Skin , Skin Diseases , Weights and Measures , YeastsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Dandruff is a common complaint, and is suffered by up to 50% of the population at some time. Malassezia yeasts, which comprise part of the normal skin flora, might be a critical factor in this disease, as they have been found in higher proportions in patients with seborrheic dermatitis or dandruff, its milder form. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 4 weeks of treatment with 1% zinc pyrithione (ZP) shampoo. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, 4-week treatment period was preceded by a 1-week run-in period. A total of 30 patients were enrolled in this study. Assessments included the patient's subjective score (PSS) and the investigator's assessment score (IAS), images of the affected scalp area, the severity of sebum production, and the erythema and moisturizing effect of the shampoo. RESULTS: 1% ZP shampoo significantly reduced the extent and severity of scaling, as measured by folliscope imaging on visit 2 (p=0.0391) and visit 3 (p=0.0381), as well as pruritus related to the disease as measured by the grading systems, PSS (p=0.0352) and IAS (p=0.0142). Additionally, the results of this study show that a treatment regimen with 1% ZP shampoo significantly reduced scalp sebum production as measured by a sebumeter. Erythema measured by the chromameter was not as meaningful. The corneometric values were slightly increased in the group treated with 1% ZP shampoo but not in the group treated with ZP-free shampoo. Side effects of the ZP shampoo were quite mild and tolerable, and were observed only in a small group of patients. CONCLUSION: 1% ZP shampoo appears to be both effective and well-tolerated when used for the treatment of dandruff.
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Humans , Dermatitis, Seborrheic , Erythema , Malassezia , Organometallic Compounds , Pruritus , Pyridines , Scalp , Sebum , Skin , Yeasts , ZincABSTRACT
Objective To develop a method for simultaneous determination of three kinds of anti-dandruff agents,namely ketoconazole,climbazole,piroctone olamine,in cosmetics by HPLC.Methods The cosmetics were extracted with acetonitrile by ultrasonic,then separated with high-speed centrifuge.The supernatant layer was filtrated through membrane with 0.45 ?m diameter.The filtration liquid was injected into HPLC for detection at ?=210 nm.Quantitative analysis was performed with external standard method.Results In the linear range of 1-250 mg/L,the regression equation of ketoconazole was y=32.23x+ 4.59,the detection limit was 0.069 mg/L.In the linear range of 1-500 mg/L,the regression equation of climbazole was y=13.76x+ 9.41,the detection limit was 0.12 mg/L.In the linear range of 10-500 mg/L,the regression equation of piroctone olamine was y= 24.83x-17.17,the detection limit was 0.71 mg/L.The recoveries and relative standard deviations were 91.8%-98.5% and 0.38%0.84%,respectively.Conclusion The experimental results show that the method is simple,precise and accurate and suitable for simultaneous determination of 3 kinds of anti-dandruff agents in cosmetics.
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Objective To investigate the distribution and the constitution of the Malassezia genus in the dandruff of married couples and the c oincidence of the Malassezia species between the husbands and their wives,especially in the couples who always share the same comb in their daily lif e.Methods Each dandruff sample collected from 114married couples was divided into three parts and inocu lated in Leeming and Notman medium,Dixon mediumand the mediumcontaini ng rapeseed oil.The yeasts obtained fromthe cultures were identified based on the biochemical and morphological characteristics.The duration from i noculation of dandruff to the primary colony development of Malassezia genus and the species constitution o f Malassezia were compared among above three medi a.The relationship between the severity of the dandruff and the rate of isolation of the Malassezia species was also studied.Results Among 228persons,Malassezia was isolated from153persons' dandruff(67.11%).There was a correlation between the positive rate of cultivation and the severity of dandruff.Totally 5species were identified from 459strains of the genus Malassezia obtained from three kinds of media me ntioned above,including M.sympodialis(33.33%),M.globosa(25.05%),M.restricta(15.47%),M.furfur (13.73%)and M.obtusa(12.42%).No species difference was noticed i n the three kinds of culture media,bu t the colony of Malassezia grew faster in the medium containing rapeseed oil(average 5.95days)than the other two media.One species from the same dandruff sample was isolated in three media in 129persons(56.58%),while 24persons(10.53%)isolated two species.The positive cultivation rate of Malassezia from the dandruff of the couples who s haring the same comb (64.00%)was higher than that of the others(20.51%).Among the couples those who had the s ame species(35.96%)of Malassezia was obviously higher than those who h ad different species(13.16%).The species identity was 50.67%in those who shared the sam e comb,which was higher than in those who did not(7.69%).Conclusion The major species of Malassezia in dandruff are M.sympodialis and M.globosa.The consistency of the Malassezia species isolated in the couples,esp ecially in the couples sharing the sa me comb is higher than that of the other cou-ples.These pathogens may be spread f rom person to person by dandruff,thr ough household utensils,such as com b.
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BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested that Pityrosporum may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dandruff. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the statistical and mycobgic findings of dandruff in normal subjects for better understanding of this condition. MEHTODS: Scales frorn the scalp of 384 students were studied stastistically by answer sheets and clinically by a dermatologist. Mycologic studies of Pityrosporum were also performed by direct smear, culture and inoculation to guinea pigs. RESULTS: There were 76.0% subjects with dandruff. Clinically grading the subjects by Kligrnan's scale, grade III and IV(mild caling) were the most. Dandruff developed commonly at the age of 14 to 16, and no seasonal change was observed. Spores of Pityrosporum were observed in all subjects by KOH microscopic examination with Cohens method, and the grading of the dandruff was not related with the number of the spores. In most subjects, P. orbiculare and P. ovae were found together. Positive culture colonies were observed in 93.7%. Inoculation of the cultured colonies to guinea pigs resulted in an experimental dermatitis. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that Pityrosporum may involve in the pathogenesis of dandruff; however, it is still unclear whether Pityrosporum is a main causative agent of dandruff.